Temporal spectral evolution of pre-stimulus brain activity in visual and visuomotor tasks.

The aim of this study was to describe the spectral features of pre-stimulus event-related potential (ERP) components elicited in visual tasks such as the Bereitschaftspotential (BP), prefrontal negativity (pN) and visual negativity (vN). ERPs are considered time-locked and phase-locked (evoked) activity, but we have also analyzed the non-phase but time-locked (induced) activity in the same interval by applying the temporal spectral evolution (TSE) method. Participants (N = 26) were tested in a passive task, a simple response task (SRT) and a discriminative response task (DRT), where EEG activity was recorded with 64 scalp electrodes.

Analysis of Physical-Cognitive Tasks Including Feedback-Based Technology for Alzheimer's Disorder in a Randomized Experimental Pilot Study.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease causes great changes, with the prefrontal cortex being the most frequently damaged zone; these changes affect physical and cognitive behavior and compromise autonomy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical-cognitive tasks on memory, attention, balance, gait, and risk of falling in Alzheimer's by using feedback-based technology.

Methods: Forty patients with Alzheimer's were recruited from an Alzheimer's Association; of these, 15 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the pilot RCT (eight in the control group; seven in the experimental group).

Effectiveness of feedback-based technology on physical and cognitive abilities in the elderly.

Aging raises a social and health challenge because the passing of time causes changes in cognitive and physical functions that impair functionality and quality of life. In addition, advancements in technology and information technology have led to the development of new techniques for retraining based on the feedback technology provides. To solve the negative consequences of aging, a randomized clinical trial was carried out to assess the effectiveness of a protocol using feedback-based technology to improve physical and cognitive functions in older adults.

Effect of the side of presentation in the visual field on phase-locked and nonphase-locked alpha and gamma responses.

Recent studies have suggested that nonphase-locked activity can reveal cognitive mechanisms that cannot be observed in phase-locked activity. In fact, we describe a concomitant decrease in nonphase-locked alpha activity (desynchronization) when stimuli were processed (alpha phase-locked modulation). This desynchronization may represent a reduction in "background activity" in the visual cortex that facilitates stimulus processing.

A systematic review of the application of machine-learning algorithms in multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: The applications of artificial intelligence, and in particular automatic learning or "machine learning" (ML), constitute both a challenge and a great opportunity in numerous scientific, technical, and clinical disciplines. Specific applications in the study of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been no exception, and constitute an area of increasing interest in recent years.

Objective: We present a systematic review of the application of ML algorithms in MS.