Getting to the root of a club - Understanding developmental manipulation by the clubroot pathogen.

Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor., the clubroot pathogen, is the perfect example of an "atypical" plant pathogen. This soil-borne protist and obligate biotrophic parasite infects the roots of cruciferous crops, inducing galls or clubs that lead to wilting, loss of productivity, and plant death.

Calprotectin Levels and Neutrophil Count Are Prognostic Markers of Mortality in COVID-19 Patients.

Inflammation plays a crucial role in worsening coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Calprotectin is a pro-inflammatory molecule produced by monocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes. The aim of the study was to evaluate both the prognostic role of circulating calprotectin levels and neutrophil count toward fatal outcome in COVID-19 patients.

Extended wear hearing aids: a comparative, pilot study.

Purpose: The study evaluated if there were differences between three types of hearing aids, Lyric extended wear (EW), receiver-in-the-ear canal (RITE), completely-in-the-canal (CIC) hearing aids in terms of audiological and psychosocial outcomes.

Methods: Fifteen patients were selected.

Inclusion Criteria: Pure-Tone Average (PTA) air conduction range of hearing threshold at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz from 15 dB HL to 75 dB HL.

The Biological Role of Vitamins in Athletes' Muscle, Heart and Microbiota.

Physical activity, combined with adequate nutrition, is considered a protective factor against cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and intestinal dysbiosis. Achieving optimal performance requires a significantly high energy expenditure, which must be correctly supplied to avoid the occurrence of diseases such as muscle injuries, oxidative stress, and heart pathologies, and a decrease in physical performance during competition. Moreover, in sports activities, the replenishment of water, vitamins, and minerals consumed during training is essential for safeguarding athletes' health.