Attentional retraining procedures: manipulating early or late components of attentional bias?

According to cognitive models of anxiety disorders, attentional bias for threatening information is a vulnerability factor to the etiology and maintenance of anxiety. A recently developed methodology to reduce attentional bias has been found to reduce emotional reactivity and anxiety. The present study aimed at identifying the effects of this attentional bias reduction on early and later stages of threat processing.

Simultaneous determination of the three major monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

A simple method is described for the simultaneous determination of the three monoamine metabolites, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethyleneglycol and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, in cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Quantitation is accomplished by the standard addition technique. Chromatographic peak heights are corrected for volume effects by comparison with the signal obtained for an added auxiliary reference substance.

The effect of pentylenetetrazol on the levels of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits: a dose-dependent relationship.

The effect of various doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) on the levels of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the CSF of rabbits was studied. The drug augments in a dose-dependent manner the D beta H activity but causes only a small and dose-independent increase in AChE. This suggests that PTZ-induced convulsions are associated with an increase in central noradrenergic activity but not by an increase in central cholinergic activity.