Open label vancomycin in primary sclerosing cholangitis-inflammatory bowel disease: improved colonic disease activity and associations with changes in host-microbiome-metabolomic signatures.

Background: We conducted a single-arm interventional study, to explore mucosal changes associated with clinical remission under oral vancomycin (OV) treatment, in primary sclerosing cholangitis associated inflammatory bowel disease (PSC-IBD); NCT05376228.

Method: Fifteen patients with PSC and active colitis (median faecal calprotectin 459µg/g; median total Mayo score 5) were treated with OV (125mg QID) for 4 weeks and followed-up for a further 4 weeks of treatment withdrawal (8 weeks, end-of-study). Colonic biopsies were obtained at baseline and week 4.

Derivatization to reduce background interferences for simultaneous quantitation of trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

Trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) play a crucial role in many biochemical processes within diverse organisms including animals, plants, fungi and bacteria. Studies have linked these metabolites with cardiovascular and kidney diseases; however, emerging evidence demonstrates their protective properties. Owing to these controversies and co-existence of these metabolites in biological samples, it is crucial to accurately quantify these metabolites to associate their concentrations with various physiological and pathophysiological conditions to elucidate their potential roles.

Diet changes due to urbanization in South Africa are linked to microbiome and metabolome signatures of Westernization and colorectal cancer.

Transition from traditional high-fiber to Western diets in urbanizing communities of Sub-Saharan Africa is associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD), exemplified by colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. To investigate how urbanization gives rise to microbial patterns that may be amenable by dietary intervention, we analyzed diet intake, fecal 16 S bacteriome, virome, and metabolome in a cross-sectional study in healthy rural and urban Xhosa people (South Africa). Urban Xhosa individuals had higher intakes of energy (urban: 3,578 ± 455; rural: 2,185 ± 179 kcal/d), fat and animal protein.