Validation and comparison of two methods to assess human energy expenditure during free-living activities.

Background: The measurement of activity energy expenditure (AEE) via accelerometry is the most commonly used objective method for assessing human daily physical activity and has gained increasing importance in the medical, sports and psychological science research in recent years.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine which of the following procedures is more accurate to determine the energy cost during the most common everyday life activities; a single regression or an activity based approach. For this we used a device that utilizes single regression models (GT3X, ActiGraph Manufacturing Technology Inc.

In silico modeling of non-linear drug absorption for the P-gp substrate talinolol and of consequences for the resulting pharmacodynamic effect.

Purpose: The aim of the present work was to demonstrate P-glycoprotein's involvement in the non-linear talinolol pharmacokinetics using an advanced compartment and transit model (ACAT) and to compare the results predicted from the model to the finding of a phase I dose escalation study with oral talinolol doses increasing from 25 to 400 mg.

Materials And Methods: Besides minimum input parameters for the compound (pKa(s), solubility at one or more pH's, Peff, doses, formulation, diffusivity), physiological and pharmacokinetic properties, transporter data are included in these predictions. The simulations assumed higher expression levels in lower gastrointestinal regions, in particular in the colon, which is in accordance with the results of intestinal rat perfusion studies and intestinal distribution data from rats, catfishes, micropigs and humans reported in the literature.

Effects of controlled-release on the pharmacokinetics and absorption characteristics of a compound undergoing intestinal efflux in humans.

Objective: The number of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) undergoing inhibitable and saturable intestinal efflux is considerable. As a consequence, absorption and bioavailability may depend on the intestinal concentration profile of the drug and may vary as a function of dose and release rate of the drug from the dosage form. The impact of controlled versus immediate-release on the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates is currently unknown.

Transplantation of fresh-frozen menisci: an experimental study in dogs.

Transplantation of 25 fresh-frozen medial menisci was studied in 15 adult dogs. Before implantation, the allografts were deep-frozen and stored at -70 degrees C for 6 weeks to 18 months. The animals were killed 2 to 8 months postoperatively, and their knees and transplants were examined macroscopically and histologically.

Allograft meniscus transplantation in the dog.

We studied transplantation of a fresh meniscus in 25 knees in 15 adult dogs. On 2 tables and with 2 surgical teams the medial menisci were explanted, exchanged and implanted into the opposite dog's knee. The animals were killed 4-12 months postoperatively, and the transplants were studied histologically.