Neuroendoscopy Training.

Neuroendoscopy can be learnt by assisting or doing live human surgery, cadaver dissection with or without augmented pulsatile vessel and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) perfusion, and practicing on live animal, dead animal model, synthetic models, three-dimensional printing model with or without augmentation with animal, cadaver tissue, pulsatile vessel and reconstructed CSF model, virtual reality (VR) simulator, and hybrid simulators (combined physical model and VR model). Neurosurgery skill laboratory with basic and advanced learning should be there in all teaching hospitals. Skills can be transferred from simulation model or VR to cadaver to live surgery.

A Lightweight Deep Convolutional Neural Network Extracting Local and Global Contextual Features for the Classification of Alzheimer's Disease Using Structural MRI.

Recent advancements in the classification of Alzheimer's disease have leveraged the automatic feature generation capability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using neuroimaging biomarkers. However, most of the existing CNN-based methods often disregard the local features of the brain data, which leads to a loss of subtle fine-grained features in the brain imaging data. Moreover, the existing CNN architectures, which mainly rely on global features, do not pay much attention to the discriminability of the extracted features for the task of classification of Alzheimer's disease.

DSP-1, the major fibronectin type-II protein of donkey seminal plasma is a small heat-shock protein and exhibits chaperone-like activity against thermal and oxidative stress.

Fibronectin type-II (FnII) proteins are major constituents in the seminal plasma of many mammals and play a crucial role in sperm capacitation. Additionally, the seminal FnII proteins from bull and horse exhibit chaperone-like activity (CLA), by acting as small heat shock proteins (shsps). The present work demonstrates that the major FnII protein of donkey seminal plasma, DSP-1 exhibits CLA with broad specificity and protects various client proteins such as alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and enolase against thermal and oxidative stress.

A Novel Homozygous Variant in Gene in a Patient with Developmental Deficits.

Background: Oral-facial-digital syndrome (OFDS) type 6 is a rare subtype of Joubert syndrome characterized by orofacial anomalies and polydactyly with neurological features of Joubert syndrome. This rare syndrome is divided into thirteen subtypes, all of which demonstrate autosomal recessive inheritance, except for OFDS type 1 which demonstrates X-linked dominant inheritance.

Case Presentation: A 19-year-old man with mild developmental delay was brought to a rural community clinic, as he had become irritable and angry, in the recent past.

Screening of a Fraction with Higher Amyloid β Aggregation Inhibitory Activity from a Library Containing 210 Mushroom Extracts Using a Microliter-Scale High-Throughput Screening System with Quantum Dot Imaging.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease hallmarked by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid plaques are formed by the amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation, so substances that inhibit this aggregation are useful for preventing and treating AD. Mushrooms are widely used medicinal fungi with high edible and nutritional value.