Pattern of invasion as a factor in determining lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Context: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) influences survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Evidence supports the value of prognostic information provided by most aggressive cells that lie in the tumor invasive front.

Aims: This study evaluated the clinical and histological parameters (C and HP) that would best associate with LNM in OSCC.

Systemic Cytokines in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Periodontitis.

Background: Cytokine dysregulation plays an important role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Chronic Periodontitis (CP) with a commonality in pathogenic mechanisms. CP is considered the sixth complication of diabetes and may have an increased influence on systemic levels of cytokines in individuals with T2DM.

Objective: This study investigated two pro-, and two presumed anti-inflammatory cytokines and their ratios in the serum of healthy individuals, in chronic periodontitis with and without T2DM with, and without CP and in CP alone aimed at evaluating the systemic inflammatory burden of a local oral infection.

Cytokine ratios in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: Chronic periodontitis may influence systemic cytokines in type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the cytokine ratios in type 2 diabetes with, and without chronic periodontitis.

Materials & Methods: Gingival status, periodontal, glycemic parameters and serum cytokines were evaluated in participants grouped as healthy, chronic periodontitis, and type 2 diabetes with, and without chronic periodontitis.

Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4 and -6 in the serum of health, chronic periodontitis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Cytokines are significant in the development and progression of chronic periodontitis (ChP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DT2). Insufficient information is available regarding the pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines in ChP's influence on systemic levels of cytokines on DT2. This study investigated the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6 in the serum of patients with ChP, DT2, and with both ChP and DT2, as compared to health.

Evaluation of serum interleukin-10 levels as a predictor of glycemic alteration in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: Chronic periodontal disease (CPD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share common pathogenic pathways. This study aimed to estimate levels of serum interleukin (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine also associated with T2DM and evaluate its association with hyperglycemia.

Materials And Methods: This investigation involved sixty participants divided into four groups comprising 15 participants each: Group 1 (healthy controls), Group 2 (CPD patients), Group 3 (T2DM patients with CPD) and Group 4 (T2DM patients).