Game-theoretic modeling in regulating greenhouse gas emissions.

This research introduces an innovative framework for addressing the escalating issue of greenhouse gas emissions through the integration of game theory with differential equations, proposing a novel model to simulate the regulatory dynamics between emission sources and legislative actions. By blending advanced mathematical modeling with environmental science, this paper underscores the critical necessity for pioneering, proactive strategies in environmental management and policy formulation. Central to our approach is the simulation of interactions within a game-theoretic context, aiming to delineate optimal strategies for emission sources and regulatory bodies, factoring in legislative constraints and environmental ramifications.

Preparation and characterization of inactivated tick-borne encephalitis virus samples for single-particle imaging at the European XFEL.

X-ray imaging of virus particles at the European XFEL could eventually allow their complete structures to be solved, potentially approaching the resolution of other structural virology methods. To achieve this ambitious goal with today's technologies, about 1 ml of purified virus suspension containing at least 10 particles per millilitre is required. Such large amounts of concentrated suspension have never before been obtained for enveloped viruses.

Validity and reliability of the Russian version of the revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R).

Objective: The aim of this study is to elaborate a valid and reliable Russian version of the ALSFRS-R.

Methods: Russian adaptation of the ALSFRS-R was applied twice in 50 ALS patients followed by the test-retest analysis with a 7-day interval between applications and internal consistency analysis.

Results: Test-retest analysis showed very strong correlation for all of the ALSFRS-R variables.

The Relationship of Precursor Cluster Concentration in a Saturated Crystallization Solution to Long-Range Order During the Transition to the Solid Phase.

A model for the transition from disordered liquid state to the solid phase has been proposed based on establishing a correlation between the concentration of precursor clusters in a saturated solution and the features of solid phase formation. The validity of the model has been verified experimentally by simultaneously studying the oligomeric structure of lysozyme protein solutions and the peculiarities of solid phase formation from these solutions. It was shown that no solid phase is formed in the absence of precursor clusters (octamers) in solution; perfect monocrystals are formed at a small concentration of octamers; mass crystallization is observed with an increasing degree of supersaturation (and concentration of octamers); further increase in octamer concentration leads to the formation of an amorphous phase.