East-west: does it make a difference to hospital efficiencies in Ukraine?

Ukraine's history has given it a split personality (e.g. divergent cultural influences on economic and managerial behavior), as was observed in the recent political developments both prior to and following the December 2004 elections.

[Assessment of the toxic effects of a combination of chemicals contained in the soil].

A technique of the assessment of toxic effect of a combination of chemicals in soil on the organism of mammals has been developed. It is based on the investigation of the damaging effect of components of the combination when they get into the organism through the soil-contiguous media on the level of summary 24-hour doses, as well as when their residues get into the organism with food, water, air and through the skin. A method calculating the threshold dose of each component of the combination in soil according to the toxicological harm index is suggested.

[Use of the mother-fetus-newborn infant system for the study of combined effects of pesticides and other chemicals].

It is possible to state on the basis of the studies carried out that the system mother-fetus-new-born may be used as the most sensitive biological model to study separate, complex and combined exposure of mammals to chemicals. It was found out that the above mentioned system is highly sensitive and makes it possible to detect a damaging effect to chemicals even on the level of standardized values, while such doses do not produce any negative influence on the adult organism. The proposed system makes it possible to assess material and functional cumulation of chemical substances in the organism of mammals.