Sucrose-preferring gut microbes prevent host obesity by producing exopolysaccharides.

Commensal bacteria affect host health by producing various metabolites from dietary carbohydrates via bacterial glycometabolism; however, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we identified Streptococcus salivarius as a unique anti-obesity commensal bacterium. We found that S.

Anomalous wet summers and rising atmospheric CO concentrations increase the CO sink in a poorly drained forest on permafrost.

At the northern high latitudes, rapid warming, associated changes in the hydrological cycle, and rising atmospheric CO concentrations, [CO], are observed at present. Under rapid environmental changes, it is important to understand the current and future trajectories of the CO budget in high-latitude ecosystems. In this study, we present the importance of anomalous wet conditions and rising [CO] on the long-term CO budget based on two decades (2003-2022) of quasicontinuous measurements of CO flux at a poorly drained black spruce forest on permafrost peat in interior Alaska.

Assessment of pulmonary function in COPD patients using dynamic digital radiography: A novel approach utilizing lung signal intensity changes during forced breathing.

Objectives: To investigate the association of lung signal intensity changes during forced breathing using dynamic digital radiography (DDR) with pulmonary function and disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: This retrospective study included 46 healthy subjects and 33 COPD patients who underwent posteroanterior chest DDR examination. We collected raw signal intensity and gray-scale image data.

Relationship between the Number of Pharmacists per Pharmacy and the Provision of Home Healthcare Services in Japan.

Home healthcare services provided by community pharmacists are essential for maintaining community care, especially in Japan's aging population. Personnel shortage in pharmacies is occasionally cited as the reason why pharmacies are unable to provide home healthcare services. This study examined the relationship between the number of pharmacists in each pharmacy and the provision of home healthcare services.