Role of Bispecific Antibodies in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NENs): Review of Literature.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with an increasing incidence in the last few decades. Despite therapeutic advances in the management of GEP-NENs, resistance to many of these treatments has made their management a great challenge. One of the most recent advances in oncologic therapy is targeting multiple receptors simultaneously and engaging immune cells in the tumor microenvironment through bispecific antibodies (BsAbs).

Management of advanced high grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs): comprehensive review of the current literature.

The classification and management of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) arising in the tubular gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas have significantly evolved over the last decades. In the latest WHO classification published in 2022, NENs are separated regardless of their primary origin into two main groups: well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). The substantial changes in the grading system changed the definition of grade 3 to include high-grade well-differentiated NETs (G3-NETs), and poorly differentiated NECs (-NECs).

Management of Neuroendocrine Breast Carcinoma (NEBC): Review of Literature.

Extra pulmonary high-grade poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (EP-NECs) are rare tumors that usually arise in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast (NEBC) is extremely rare, representing less than 0.1% of all breast cancers and less than 1% of neuroendocrine neoplasms.

The sex-dependent role of the androgen receptor in glioblastoma: results of molecular analyses.

We sought to analyse the androgen receptor (AR) in glioblastoma (GBM) due to the location of the AR gene on chromosome X, often reported with shorter survival and higher prevalence of GBM among males. Copy number (CN) and mRNA expression of AR were tested with droplet digital PCR in 91 fresh-frozen GBM samples and 170 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples collected at Linköping University Hospital. The fresh-frozen cohort was also subjected to pyrosequencing methylation analysis of 17 CpG sites in the AR promoter.