A neurodegenerative cellular stress response linked to dark microglia and toxic lipid secretion.

The brain's primary immune cells, microglia, are a leading causal cell type in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, the mechanisms by which microglia can drive neurodegeneration remain unresolved. Here, we discover that a conserved stress signaling pathway, the integrated stress response (ISR), characterizes a microglia subset with neurodegenerative outcomes.

Geocultural differences in pre-schooler sleep profiles and family practices: an analysis of pooled data from 37 countries.

Study Objectives: To examine 1) multidimensional sleep profiles in pre-schoolers (3-6 years) across geocultural regions and 2) differences in sleep characteristics and family practices between Majority World regions (Pacific Islands, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America) and the Minority World (the Western world).

Methods: Participants were 3507 pre-schoolers from 37 countries. Nighttime sleep characteristics and nap duration (accelerometer: n=1950) and family practices (parental questionnaire) were measured.

Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: Lipids across microglial states.

The capacity of immune cells to alter their function based on their metabolism is the basis of the emerging field of immunometabolism. Microglia are the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, and it is a current focus of the field to investigate how alterations in their metabolism impact these cells. Microglia have the ability to utilize lipids, such as fatty acids, as energy sources, but also alterations in lipids can impact microglial form and function.

An HuR mutant, HuR-V225I, identified in adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma, alters the pro-apoptotic function of HuR.

The RNA-binding protein HuR regulates various cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell fate. Moreover, recent studies have shown that HuR modulates the expression of factors important for tumor growth and progression. Despite its prominent role in tumorigenesis, until recently, there have been no reported mutations in HuR that have been associated to cancer.

A 13,000-year history of vegetation and fire in a rare inland pine barrens: The Albany Pine Bush (Albany County, New York, USA).

Two radiocarbon-dated pollen and charcoal records from cores collected at Stump Pond and a wetland in suburban Albany County, New York, provide new insights into the environmental history of a unique inland pine barrens that is currently surrounded and threatened by urban development: the Albany Pine Bush (APB). The Stump Pond core shows that the pond formed roughly 13,000 years ago with the recession of glacial Lake Albany. From ca.