Downregulation of Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Angiogenic Pathways in Prostate Cancer Cells by a Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Olive Mill Wastewater.

Dietary phytochemicals are particularly attractive for chemoprevention and are able to modulate several signal transduction pathways linked with cancer. Olive oil, a major component of the Mediterranean diet, is an abundant source of phenolic compounds. Olive oil production is associated with the generation of a waste material, termed 'olive mill wastewater' (OMWW) that have been reported to contain water-soluble polyphenols.

Acetyl-l-carnitine is an anti-angiogenic agent targeting the VEGFR2 and CXCR4 pathways.

Carnitines play an important role in the energy exchange in cells, and are involved in the transport of fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. l-Acetylcarnitine (ALCAR) is an acetic acid ester of carnitine that has higher bioavailability and is considered a fat-burning energizer supplement. We previously found that in serum samples from prostate cancer (PCa) patients, 3 carnitine family members were significantly decreased, suggesting a potential protective role of carnitine against PCa.

Induction of amino acid transport activity in chick embryo fibroblasts by replacement of extracellular sodium chloride with disaccharide.

The activity of amino acid transport System A in avian fibroblasts was increased following incubation of the cells in a medium in which most of the NaCl normally present had been isoosmotically replaced by sucrose. This increase was detectable after 2 h of incubation, reached a maximum at about 4 h, and remained constant thereafter. Transfer of treated cells back to a normal medium resulted in decay of the induced transport activity, with a half-life of less than 2 h.

Control of protein synthesis by extracellular Na+ in cultured fibroblasts.

In chick embryo fibroblasts (CEFs), a partial substitution of extracellular Na+ with other cations or carbohydrates decreased the intracellular Na+ content without altering the K+ level. Concomitantly, a significant decrease in the serum-dependent rate of protein synthesis occurred. This phenomenon appeared to be quickly reversible upon reconstitution of the correct extracellular Na+ concentration in the culture medium.

Hyperosmolarity-induced stress proteins in chick embryo fibroblasts.

The effects of a short exposure of chick embryo fibroblasts to a hyperosmolar medium on monovalent cation content, rate of protein synthesis, and polypeptide pattern expression were studied. The hyperosmolar shock gave an immediate and pronounced inhibition of the protein-synthesis rate temporally related to a marked alteration of the intracellular Na+ content. Following the return of the cells to an osmolar environment, the internal Na+ content quickly resumed its previous level, while the recovery of the protein-synthesis rate was more gradual.