Multi-pass, single-molecule nanopore reading of long protein strands.

The ability to sequence single protein molecules in their native, full-length form would enable a more comprehensive understanding of proteomic diversity. Current technologies, however, are limited in achieving this goal. Here, we establish a method for the long-range, single-molecule reading of intact protein strands on a commercial nanopore sensor array.

Poor sleep in PCOS; is melatonin the culprit?

Study Question: Are daily cycles in urinary melatonin and oxidative stress marker levels (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) altered in PCOS, and is this associated with changes in sleep quality?

Summary Answer: There is an association between elevated nighttime melatonin and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and poor sleep quality in our PCOS study group.

What Is Known Already: Women with PCOS are known to have poorer sleep. However, there have been few studies examining the possible association between melatonin levels and sleep quality in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).