Three cases of xanthinuria identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based urine metabolomics.

Introduction: Early diagnosis of patients with urolithiasis or hypouricemia owing to inborn errors of hypoxanthine metabolism is important in preventing renal failure or drug-induced toxicity.

Case Presentation: We identified three patients with xanthinuria using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based urine metabolomics: a 72-year-old male with bladder stone, a severe hypouricemic 59-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and an 8-year and 9-month-old female who was first discovered to harbor a mutation in the xanthine dehydrogenase gene using whole-exome sequencing, but had a normal molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene. Hydantoin-5-propionate was detected in the first and third patients but not in the second, suggesting that the first and second patients had type I and II xanthinuria, respectively.

Efficacy of Oral Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever in Wild Boar and Estimation of the Disease Dynamics in the Quantitative Approach.

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in the wild boar population has been spreading in Japan, alongside outbreaks on pigs, since classical swine fever (CSF) reemerged in September 2018. The vaccination using oral bait vaccine was initially implemented in Gifu prefecture in March 2019. In the present study, antibodies against CSFV in wild boar were assessed in 1443 captured and dead wild boars in Gifu prefecture.

Development of a High-Throughput Serum Neutralization Test Using Recombinant Pestiviruses Possessing a Small Reporter Tag.

A serum neutralization test (SNT) is an essential method for the serological diagnosis of pestivirus infections, including classical swine fever, because of the cross reactivity of antibodies against pestiviruses and the non-quantitative properties of antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In conventional SNTs, an immunoperoxidase assay or observation of cytopathic effect after incubation for 3 to 7 days is needed to determine the SNT titer, which requires labor-intensive or time-consuming procedures. Therefore, a new SNT, based on the luciferase system and using classical swine fever virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and border disease virus possessing the 11-amino-acid subunit derived from NanoLuc luciferase was developed and evaluated; this approach enabled the rapid and easy determination of the SNT titer using a luminometer.

Characterization of lipid components of Melanorrhoea usitata lacquer sap.

The lipid component of Melanorrhoea usitata lacquer sap isolated by acetone was analyzed and compared to synthesized omega-phenylalkylcatechols and omega-phenylalkylphenols. In addition, laccol and urushiol analogues synthesized in our laboratory were used as standard materials to analyze the lipid component of the Myanmar lacquer sap. The GC and GC/MS measurements confirmed the results of Kumanotani and Du that neither omega-phenylalkylcatechol nor omega-phenylalkylphenol exist in the lacquer saps from Rhus vernicifera and R.

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of urinary sugar and sugar alcohols during pregnancy.

A refined and simplified method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of urinary sugar and sugar alcohols after urease treatment by using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Since carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy is considered to be diabetogenic, our interest has been concentrated on understanding the mechanism of the metabolic deviation by assessing the glucose excursion and glucose fluxes. The present study suggests that changes of the levels of glucose, sorbitol, fructose, myo-inositol, and 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG) may reflect a mild alteration in carbohydrate metabolism that goes undetected by conventional diabetic indicators.