Reducing the tetraploid non-nodulating alfalfa (Medicago sativa) MnNC-1008(NN) germ plasm to the diploid level.

MnNC-1008(NN) (referred to as MN-1008) is a tetraploid alfalfa mutant with two recessive genes (nn 1 and nn 2 )conditioning the non-nodulating trait. The tetraploid level (2n=4x=32) of this Medicago sativa germ plasm was reduced to the diploid (2n=2x=16) level using the 4x-2x genetic cross originally described as a workable method for the induction of haploidy in alfalfa by T. E.

Failure of dopamine metabolism: borderlines of parkinsonism and dementia.

Dementia in parkinsonian patients is estimated to 10-40%. Several factors may take part in the development of cognitive impairment: i/ defective function of subcortico-cortical pathways including the mesocorticolimbic dopamine deficiency with cell loss in medial substantia nigra, the degeneration of noradrenergic, serotonergic and cholinergic systems ii/ cortical and limbic Alzheimer pathology iii/ cortical Lewy bodies iv/ vascular alterations. Using HMPAO SPECT we distinguished three main types of hypoperfusion in Parkinson patients with dementia: i/ predominantly frontal lobe type ii/ posterior ("Alzheimer-like") type iii/ multiple small vascular defects.

Autotransplantation of superior cervical ganglion to the caudate nucleus in three patients with Parkinson's disease (preliminary report).

Striatal cervical ganglionic implants have been utilized for the first time for treatment of three patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. Tissue grafts from the superior cervical ganglion have been dissected and immediately transplanted into the head of the caudate nucleus. The grafted tissue placed in a cavity of the caudate nucleus remains in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral ventricle.