Pitfalls of Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring in Achieving Complete Surgical Resection of Ectopic Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma is rare and is generally managed by surgical resection as a definitive treatment. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) monitoring is valuable for ensuring the complete removal of a target lesion. However, there is no consensus criteria regarding the utilization of ioPTH for complete resection in patients with ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenomas.

Three-year safety and effectiveness of tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Japan: final analysis of an all-case post-marketing surveillance study.

Objective: Evaluate tofacitinib real-world safety/effectiveness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Japan in a 3-year all-case post-marketing surveillance study.

Methods: All patients with rheumatoid arthritis who initiated tofacitinib (07/30/2013-12/03/2017) were registered in Japan. Serious infections/malignancy/mortality incidence were compared in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis after >8 mg methotrexate/week for ≥3 months who received tofacitinib or other drugs (control: methotrexate/other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs/immunosuppressants).

Auerbach's plexus invasion as a key pathological factor for predicting outcomes in ampullary carcinoma.

Background: Ampullary carcinoma (AC) has a poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic and perineural invasion beyond the duodenal muscularis propria. However, no studies were focused on evaluating Auerbach's plexus (AP) invasion in AC, and its clinical pathological significance remains unclear. In this study, we examined the clinical significance of AP invasion in patients with AC.

Emergency physician ultrasound diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum in intraoperative patients with peritoneal insufflation.

Objectives: To determine the accuracy of emergency physicians (EPs) in diagnosing pneumoperitoneum with POCUS, and if the volume of pneumoperitoneum affects accuracy.

Methods: POCUS clips were obtained from patients undergoing intraperitoneal insufflation for an elective laparoscopic procedure. Video clips of the right upper quadrant and epigastric regions were obtained prior to insufflation and then after 500 ml, 1000 ml, and 1500 ml of insufflation.

Nasal obstruction during development leads to defective synapse elimination, hypersynchrony, and impaired cerebellar function.

Nasal respiratory disorders are linked to craniofacial anomalies and systemic dysfunctions. However, the implications of nasal respiratory disorders on brain development and their subsequent impact on brain functionalization remain largely unknown. Here, we describe that nasal obstruction from postnatal developmental stages in mice precipitates deficits in cerebellum-associated behaviors and compromised refinement and maturation of neural circuits in the cerebellum.