A case of endobronchial mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma successfully treated with radiotherapy and a review of the literature.

A 60-year-old man was noted to have an elevated lesion in the right mainstem bronchus on chest computed tomography (CT) during his annual medical checkup 3 years previously. The lesion had gradually increased in size. FDG-PET showed no accumulation.

Spontaneous and multifaceted ATP release from astrocytes at the scale of hundreds of synapses.

Astrocytes participate in information processing by releasing neuroactive substances termed gliotransmitters, including ATP. Individual astrocytes come into contact with thousands of synapses with their ramified structure, but the spatiotemporal dynamics of ATP gliotransmission remains unclear, especially in physiological brain tissue. Using a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor, GRAB , we discovered that extracellular ATP increased locally and transiently in absence of stimuli in neuron-glia co-cultures, cortical slices, and the anesthetized mouse brain.

Proposal for a Simple Equation for Limb Muscle Weight Calculation.

BACKGROUND Although body mass index (BMI) is currently being utilized frequently as an indicator of obesity, it provides little information concerning body composition; key components such as fat and muscle cannot be differentiated. It is especially non-sensitive in identifying muscle mass, which can be challenging to examine without the use of radiologic methods. We sought to identify whether biometric values such as upper arm subcutaneous fat thickness/circumference could provide an adequate indicator of muscle mass.

Temporal mirror-symmetry in functional signals recorded from rat barrel cortex with optical coherence tomography.

Functional optical coherence tomography (fOCT) detects activity-dependent light scattering changes in micro-structures of neural tissue, drawing attention as in vivo volumetric functional imaging technique at a sub-columnar level. There are 2 plausible origins for the light scattering changes: (i) hemodynamic responses such as changes in blood volume and in density of blood cells and (ii) reorientation of dipoles in cellular membrane. However, it has not been clarified which is the major contributor to fOCT signals.