Biomarkers for characterization and therapeutic orientation in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Whole exome sequencing studies haverevealed the molecular landscape of metastatic CastrateResistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) providingnew information about prognostic and predictive factorsof response to therapies. These studies highlightedpotentially actionable targets leading to the beginingof the biomarker-driven era in prostate cancer.Alterations in androgen receptor (AR), DNA repair genes,PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway or in genes involved incell cycle are frequently observed in mCRPC patientsand may be relevant in the resistance induced mechanismto approve therapy in this setting.

Pathological findings in very low risk prostate cancer in surgical specimens.

Perform a detailed anatomopathological analysis of consecutive surgical specimens in men with clinically very low risk prostate cancer according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 799 prostate cancer patients who under went radical prostatectomy between January 2005 and December 2013. We identified 81 consecutive patients with clinically very low risk prostate cancer.

Chondroma of the Bladder: An Atypical Localization.

Chondroma is a benign tumour of mesenchymal origin that is composed of cartilage and rarely located in soft tissues, being described so far only in four cases, as located in the bladder, according to our knowledge. We describe the fifth case of a 67-year-old woman who consulted for microscopic haematuria, with an endoscopic finding of submucosal nodular image in the anterior wall of the bladder, which after resection and the histologic study shows cartilage and fibroconnective tissue, in part hyalinised, and positive immunohistochemical staining of cells with vimentin and S-100; this fact can support the diagnosis of bladder chondroma.

[T-gamma lymphocytosis associated with two solid neoplasms in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis].

T gamma lymphocytosis is an infrequent entity, generally benign and distinct of the spectrum of the T cell chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes, that it not need or need short therapy, with a prolongated survival. T gamma lymphocytosis is expressive in the most of the occasions of a monoclonal lymphocytic proliferation and it is frequently associated to Rheumatoid Arthritis. We present the case of a patient with T gamma lymphocytosis, developed after several years of evolution of Rheumatoid Arthritis and that it was coincident with two solid neoplasms, an infiltrate carcinoma of the larynx and recurrent urothelial carcinoma, without previous chemotherapy.