Draft genome sequences for and canker pathogens of and in West Virginia.

The fungal genus contains many phytopathogenic species currently impacting forests and fruit trees worldwide. Despite their importance, a majority of spp. lack sufficient genomic resources to resolve suspected cryptic species.

Building blocks toward sustainable biofertilizers: variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal spore germination when immobilized with diazotrophic bacteria in biodegradable hydrogel beads.

Aim: We investigated whether there was interspecies and intraspecies variation in spore germination of 12 strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi when co-entrapped with the diazotrophic plant growth-promoting bacteria, Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 in alginate hydrogel beads.

Methods And Results: Twelve Rhizophagus irregularis, Rhizophagus intraradices, and Funneliformis mosseae strains were separately combined with a live culture of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. Each fungal-bacterial consortia was supplemented with sodium alginate to a 2% concentration (v/v) and cross-linked in calcium chloride (2% w/v) to form biodegradable hydrogel beads.

Prevalence and diversity of TAL effector-like proteins in fungal endosymbiotic spp.

Endofungal (formerly ) spp. rely on a type III secretion system to deliver mostly unidentified effector proteins when colonizing their host fungus, . The one known secreted effector family from consists of homologues of transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors, which are used by plant pathogenic and spp.

The Chemistry of the Defensive Secretions of Three Species of Millipedes in the Genus Brachycybe.

Millipedes have long been known to produce a diverse array of chemical defense agents that deter predation. These compounds, or their precursors, are stored in high concentration within glands (ozadenes) and are released upon disturbance. The subterclass Colobognatha contains four orders of millipedes, all of which are known to produce terpenoid alkaloids-spare the Siphonophorida that produce terpenes.

Signatures of transposon-mediated genome inflation, host specialization, and photoentrainment in and allied entomophthoralean fungi.

Despite over a century of observations, the obligate insect parasites within the order Entomophthorales remain poorly characterized at the genetic level. In this manuscript, we present a genome for a laboratory-tractable isolate that infects fruit flies. Our assembly is 1.