Bone controls browning of white adipose tissue and protects from diet-induced obesity through Schnurri-3-regulated SLIT2 secretion.

The skeleton has been suggested to function as an endocrine organ controlling whole organism energy balance, however the mediators of this effect and their molecular links remain unclear. Here, utilizing Schnurri-3 (Shn3) mice with augmented osteoblast activity, we show Shn3mice display resistance against diet-induced obesity and enhanced white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. Conditional deletion of Shn3 in osteoblasts but not adipocytes recapitulates lean phenotype of Shn3mice, indicating this phenotype is driven by skeleton.

The performance of artificial intelligence chatbot large language models to address skeletal biology and bone health queries.

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots utilizing large language models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant interest due to their ability to generate humanlike responses to user inquiries in an interactive dialog format. While these models are being increasingly utilized to obtain medical information by patients, scientific and medical providers, and trainees to address biomedical questions, their performance may vary from field to field. The opportunities and risks these chatbots pose to the widespread understanding of skeletal health and science are unknown.

Capacity for large language model chatbots to aid in orthopedic management, research, and patient queries.

Large language model (LLM) chatbots possess a remarkable capacity to synthesize complex information into concise, digestible summaries across a wide range of orthopedic subject matter. As LLM chatbots become widely available they will serve as a powerful, accessible resource that patients, clinicians, and researchers may reference to obtain information about orthopedic science and clinical management. Here, we examined the performance of three well-known and easily accessible chatbots-ChatGPT, Bard, and Bing AI-in responding to inquiries relating to clinical management and orthopedic concepts.

A multi-stem cell basis for craniosynostosis and calvarial mineralization.

Craniosynostosis is a group of disorders of premature calvarial suture fusion. The identity of the calvarial stem cells (CSCs) that produce fusion-driving osteoblasts in craniosynostosis remains poorly understood. Here we show that both physiologic calvarial mineralization and pathologic calvarial fusion in craniosynostosis reflect the interaction of two separate stem cell lineages; a previously identified cathepsin K (CTSK) lineage CSC (CTSK CSC) and a separate discoidin domain-containing receptor 2 (DDR2) lineage stem cell (DDR2 CSC) that we identified in this study.