Inclisiran as a siRNA Inhibitor of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9); Past, Present, and Future.

Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels has been shown to reduce the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Statins are the foundation of LDL-C lowering therapy with other non-statin agents used in circumstances where goal LDL-C levels are not reached or owing to intolerance to adverse effects of statins. In 2003, the discovery of the role of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) system in promoting elevated LDL-C levels led to new avenues of drug development to achieve target LDL-C.

Gentisic acid attenuates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis through the modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Asthma, a lung disorder that causes impaired respiratory function, is characterized by an apparent infiltration of inflammatory cells. Gentisic acid (GA), a phenolic acid common in food ingredients, has antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Its potential application in mitigating asthma, however, remains unexplored.

Vital Exhaustion and Biomarkers Associated With Cardiovascular Risk: The ARIC Study.

Background: Vital exhaustion, defined as excessive fatigue, demoralization, and irritability due to chronic stress, is independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of vital exhaustion with biomarkers associated with CVD risk in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study.

Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association of vital exhaustion (assessed using the Maastricht Vital Exhaustion Questionnaire [MVEQ]) with cardiac biomarker (high-sensitivity troponin T [hs-TnT], N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in 11,542 ARIC study participants without CVD at ARIC visit 2 using multivariable logistic and linear regression models.

The future of hypertension pharmacotherapy: Ongoing and future clinical trials for hypertension.

Hypertension is among the most prevalent diagnoses across the world and increases the risk of many serious health problems, such as stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. Pharmacological approaches to treat hypertension are often required and reduce blood pressure through mechanisms such as vasodilation, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, and increased urine output to reduce blood volume, among other mechanisms. Further research is ongoing to find novel pathways and mechanisms to treat hypertension, which we summarize in this review.