The prospective roles of exosomes in pituitary tumors.

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors are common, typically benign intracranial neoplasms arising from well-differentiated anterior pituitary cells with prevalence of clinically relevant pituitary tumor of 89 in 100 000 people. Despite the growing number of published studies, there is still a need for diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of pituitary adenomas. Prompt determination of tendency of the tumor for invasive growth and aggressive behavior would allow for earlier and more effective treatment.

New insight into primary hyperparathyroidism using untargeted metabolomics.

Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by excessive parathormone (PTH) secretion and disrupted calcium homeostasis. Untargeted metabolomics offers a valuable approach to understanding the complex metabolic alterations associated with different diseases, including PHPT. Plasma untargeted metabolomics was applied to investigate the metabolic profiles of PHPT patients compared to a control group.

Enhancing Angioinvasion Assessment in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Via a Biomarker Panel Involving TAC, 8-OHdG, and Sortilin.

Context: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) aggressiveness and metastatic potential are closely associated with angioinvasion. Identifying angioinvasion accurately is imperative for treatment planning and prognosis.

Objective: This study explores serum biomarkers, including 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and oxidative status markers (total oxidative capacity, total antioxidant capacity [TAC], and sortilin), as potential indicators of angioinvasion in PTC.

Clinical significance of oxidative stress markers as angioinvasion and metastasis indicators in papillary thyroid cancer.

Angioinvasion remains the important prognostic feature in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. Literature data indicates several markers that may be associated with oxidative stress and/or angioinvasion. Therefore, we assessed the utility of selected parameters in angioinvasion and metastasis screening in serum of PTC patients.

Tears as a Source of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Graves' Orbitopathy.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a poorly understood autoimmune manifestation of thyroid diseases most commonly associated with Graves' disease. Due to a lack of specific biomarkers and uncertain signs and symptoms, Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is challenging to diagnose early and treat effectively. Nowadays, there is great interest in searching for precise molecular biomarkers for early detection, disease monitoring, and clinical management.