Evaluation of CNPase and TGFβ1/Smad Signalling Pathway Molecule Expression in Sinus Epithelial Tissues of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with (CRSwNP) and without Nasal Polyps (CRSsNP).

Chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP, respectively) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting almost 5 to 12% of the population and exhibiting high recurrence rates after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). TGFβ1-related pathways contribute to tissue remodelling, which is one of the key aspects of CRS pathogenesis. Additionally, adenosine signalling participates in inflammatory processes, and CNPase was shown to elevate adenosine levels by metabolizing cyclic monophosphates.

The potential of ChatGPT in medicine: an example analysis of nephrology specialty exams in Poland.

Background: In November 2022, OpenAI released a chatbot named ChatGPT, a product capable of processing natural language to create human-like conversational dialogue. It has generated a lot of interest, including from the scientific community and the medical science community. Recent publications have shown that ChatGPT can correctly answer questions from medical exams such as the United States Medical Licensing Examination and other specialty exams.

The Relationship between Fine Particle Matter (PM2.5) Exposure and Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases.

PM2.5 is one of the most harmful components of airborne pollution and includes particles with diameters of less than 2.5 μm.

Arginase-1 in Plasma-Derived Exosomes as Marker of Metastasis in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Immunoregulatory Arginase-1 (Arg-1) is present in the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors. Its association to clinicopathology and its prognostic impact are inconsistent among different tumor types and biological fluids. This study evaluated Arg-1 protein levels in tumors and the circulation of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in relation to clinical stage and prognosis.