Context-dependency of the REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire - Clinical utility under scrutiny.

Introduction: The REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) is a widely established screening tool for detecting isolated RBD (iRBD). However, its accuracy may depend on its application context, e.g.

Cognitive training and promoting a healthy lifestyle for individuals with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder: study protocol of the delayed-start randomized controlled trial CogTrAiL-RBD.

Background: Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is an early α-synucleinopathy often accompanied by incipient cognitive impairment. As executive dysfunctions predict earlier phenotypic conversion from iRBD to Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia, cognitive training focusing on executive functions could have disease-modifying effects for individuals with iRBD.

Methods: The study CogTrAiL-RBD investigates the short- and long-term effectiveness and the feasibility and underlying neural mechanisms of a cognitive training intervention for individuals with iRBD.

Detecting Misfolded α-Synuclein in Blood Years before the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Identifying individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) already in the prodromal phase of the disease has become a priority objective for opening a window for early disease-modifying therapies.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate a blood-based α-synuclein seed amplification assay (α-syn SAA) as a novel biomarker for diagnosing PD in the prodromal phase.

Methods: In the TREND study (University of Tuebingen) biennial blood samples of n = 1201 individuals with/without increased risk for PD were taken prospectively over 4 to 10 years.

Glutamate Signaling in Patients With Parkinson Disease With REM Sleep Behavior Disorder.

Background And Objectives: Clinical heterogeneity of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) is well recognized. PD with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a more malignant phenotype with faster motor progression and higher nonmotor symptom burden. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this clinical divergence concerning imbalances in neurotransmitter systems remain elusive.