Encapsulated gadolinium and dysprosium ions within ultra-short carbon nanotubes for MR microscopy at 11.75 and 21.1 T.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have gained interest for their biocompatibility and multifunctional properties. Ultra-short SWNTs (US-tubes) have demonstrated high proton relaxivity when encapsulating gadolinium ions (Gd(3+)) at clinical field strengths. At higher field strengths, however, Gd(3+) ions demonstrate decreased proton relaxation properties while chemically similar dysprosium ions (Dy(3+)) improve relaxation properties.

The influence of renal function on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and simulated time course of doxacurium.

Unlabelled: Doxacurium's clearance (C1) is markedly decreased in patients with renal failure undergoing kidney transplantation. However, no studies have determined the influence of renal function (as assessed by creatinine clearance [CrCl]) on its pharmacokinetics in patients without renal failure. We studied 53 patients aged 19-59 yr.

Comparison of remifentanil and fentanyl in patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial space-occupying lesions.

Background: Remifentanil hydrochloride is an ultra-short-acting, esterase-metabolized mu-opioid receptor agonist. This study compared the use of remifentanil or fentanyl during elective supratentorial craniotomy for space-occupying lesions.

Methods: Sixty-three adults gave written informed consent for this prospective, randomized, double-blind, multiple-center trial.

A comparison of the effect of halothane on N-methyl-D-aspartate and non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus.

Halothane depresses synaptic transmission in the rat brain. First we determined the concentration of halothane which decreased the amplitude of the population spike recorded in the CA1 region of the hippocampus to 50% of the control value (105 +/- 4.9 micrograms/mL [0.

Some effects of d-tubocurarine alone and combined with halothane or isoflurane on neuromuscular transmission.

The mechanisms contributing to the neuromuscular block produced by nondepolarizing muscle relaxants and inhaled anesthetics include: 1) receptor blockade, 2) open or closed ion channel block, 3) decreased transmitter release, and 4) receptor desensitization. In this study we investigated the contributions of receptor and ion channel block. We used the two microelectrode voltage clamp to evaluate miniature end-plate currents (MEPCs) for amplitude and time constant of decay (tau) before and after the application of 1) d-Tubocurarine (DTC) (10(-7)-10(-6) M) alone, and then 2) the same concentration of DTC plus 0.