Intrathecal baclofen in pain management.

Baclofen is a GABA(B) agonist that is administered spinally via an implanted drug delivery device to treat spasticity. It has been shown to have powerful antinociceptive effects in experimental animal models at doses that produce little or no motor-blocking effects but has rarely been used as a spinal analgesic agent in patients without spasticity. Several studies have indicated that intrathecal baclofen provides relief of central pain in patients with spasticity.

Atelectasis and mucus plugging in spinal cord injury: case report and therapeutic approaches.

Introduction: The leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the spinal cord injury (SCI) population are airway mucus plugging and atelectasis.

Objective: To illustrate the risks of pulmonary disease in individuals with SCI, and present effective therapeutic interventions.

Design: Case study of a 60-year-old veteran with T7 ASIA A spinal cord injury, who presented with a complete collapse of the left lung.

Fos expression in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons of guinea pigs, with knife cuts separating the preoptic area and the hypothalamus, demonstrating luteinizing hormone surges.

LHRH neurons in guinea pigs, as in primates and other non-rodent species, are broadly distributed in the basal forebrain. In this study, knife cuts were made in the anterior hypothalamus, effectively separating more caudally positioned hypothalamic LHRH neurons from those in rostral preoptic areas. Guinea pigs with knife cuts displayed an LH surge in response to steroid administration.

Expression of Fos within luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons, in relation to the steroid-induced luteinizing hormone surge in guinea pigs.

The induction of Fos protein was examined within LHRH neurons of guinea pigs; the aim was to delineate relationships between subgroups of LHRH neurons during an LH surge in a laboratory rodent in which the distribution of LHRH neurons and the presence of a true luteal phase in the reproductive cycle resemble those in primates. Approximately one third of the forebrain population of LHRH neurons was examined in ovariectomized steroid-treated guinea pigs killed either before or during a steroid-induced LH surge. LHRH/Fos double-labeled neurons were more abundant in surging compared to presurge guinea pigs (p = 0.