Sex differences in the association between family violence involvement and emergency mental health presentations: a longitudinal analysis.

Purpose: Females experiencing family violence as victims are at increased risk of emergency department mental health presentations. However, few studies have examined this association for males and perpetrators. We examined whether family violence reports to police were associated with contemporaneous mental health presentations and whether this differed for males and females and those that the police identified as perpetrators and victims.

Guidelines for the design and implementation of youth participation initiatives to safeguard mental health and wellbeing.

Introduction: Worldwide, young people are increasingly engaged in participation and decision-making initiatives regarding issues that affect their lives through advisory groups, representative councils, advocacy and activism. Emerging evidence suggests that these initiatives may have an impact on the mental health and wellbeing of the youth involved. These guidelines, which are based on a scoping review of global evidence and led by a youth advisory group with lived experience of participation initiatives, summarise evidence-based recommendations for designing and implementing youth participation initiatives that protect the mental health and wellbeing of the young people involved.

Preliminary Exploration of Variations in Measures of Pharyngeal Area During Nonswallowing Tasks.

Purpose: Age- and disease-related changes in oropharyngeal anatomy and physiology may be identified through quantitative videofluoroscopic measures of pharyngeal area and dynamics. Pixel-based measures of nonconstricted pharyngeal area (PhAR) are typically taken during oral bolus hold tasks or on postswallow rest frames. A recent study in 87 healthy adults reported mean postswallow PhAR of 62%(C2-4), (range: 25%-135%), and significantly larger PhAR in males.

Neural correlates of systemic lidocaine administration in healthy adults measured by functional MRI: a single arm open label study.

Introduction: Intravenous lidocaine is increasingly used as a nonopioid analgesic, but how it acts in the brain is incompletely understood. We conducted a functional MRI study of pain response, resting connectivity, and cognitive task performance in volunteers to elucidate the effects of lidocaine at the brain-systems level.

Methods: We enrolled 27 adults (age 22-55 yr) in this single-arm, open-label study.