Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Modulates Cbl-b and Constrains T Cell Activation.

The decision between T cell activation and tolerance is governed by the spatial and temporal integration of diverse molecular signals and events occurring downstream of TCR and costimulatory or coinhibitory receptor engagement. The PI3K-protein kinase B (PKB; also known as Akt) signaling pathway is a central axis in mediating proximal signaling events of TCR and CD28 engagement in T cells. Perturbation of the PI3K-PKB pathway, or the loss of negative regulators of T cell activation, such as the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b, have been reported to lead to increased susceptibility to autoimmunity.

CD4+ and CD8+ T cell survival is regulated differentially by protein kinase Ctheta, c-Rel, and protein kinase B.

An effective immune response requires the expansion and survival of a large number of activated T cells. This study compared the role of protein kinase C (PKC)theta and associated signaling molecules in the survival of activated primary CD4+ vs CD8+ murine T cells. We demonstrate that the absence of PKCtheta resulted in a moderate survival defect in CD4+ T cells and a striking survival defect of CD8+ T lymphocytes.

[Control of the main radiation parameters of a gamma teletherapy apparatus].

In radiotherapy a dosimetric method is used nowadays to control the magnitude of the radiation axis deviation from the isocenter (RL) of a gamma-beam therapeutic apparatus (gamma BTA). However, the use of the method requires special costly equipment. Besides, it is fairly laborious.