Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Crowdsensing and Fixed Sensor Systems for Event Detection in Urban Environments.

Crowdsensing offers a cost-effective way to collect large amounts of environmental sensor data; however, the spatial distribution of crowdsensing sensors can hardly be influenced, as the participants carry the sensors, and, additionally, the quality of the crowdsensed data can vary significantly. Hybrid systems that use mobile users in conjunction with fixed sensors might help to overcome these limitations, as such systems allow assessing the quality of the submitted crowdsensed data and provide sensor values where no crowdsensing data are typically available. In this work, we first used a simulation study to analyze a simple crowdsensing system concerning the detection performance of spatial events to highlight the potential and limitations of a pure crowdsourcing system.

Progress in multi-ion counting spark-source mass spectrometry (MIC-SSMS) for the analysis of geological samples.

Spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS) has experienced important and significant improvements in nearly all analytical features by the use of a multiple ion counting (MIC) system. Two procedures have recently been developed to further increase the analytical capabilities of MIC-SSMS in geochemistry. These are a mathematical correction of interferences, which is often necessary for the ultra trace element analysis of Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Y, and the development of an autospark system to hold the total ion beam constant.

Proteolytic cleavage of the fusion protein but not membrane fusion is required for measles virus-induced immunosuppression in vitro.

Immunosuppression induced by measles virus (MV) is associated with unresponsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to mitogenic stimulation ex vivo and in vitro. In mixed lymphocyte cultures and in an experimental animal model, the expression of the MV glycoproteins on the surface of UV-inactivated MV particles, MV-infected cells, or cells transfected to coexpress the MV fusion (F) and the hemagglutinin (H) proteins was found to be necessary and sufficient for this phenomenon. We now show that MV fusion-inhibitory peptides do not interfere with the induction of immunosuppression in vitro, indicating that MV F-H-mediated fusion is essentially not involved in this process.

Expression of measles virus V protein is associated with pathogenicity and control of viral RNA synthesis.

Nonstructural proteins encoded by measles virus (MV) include the V protein which is translated from an edited P mRNA. V protein is not associated with intracellular or released viral particles and has recently been found to be dispensable for MV propagation in cell culture (H. Schneider, K.

Cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis is associated with measles virus contact-mediated immunosuppression in vitro.

Acute measles is associated with pronounced immunosuppression characterized both by leukopenia and impaired lymphocyte functions. In an earlier study, we found that mitogen-dependent proliferation of uninfected human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and spontaneous proliferation of human cell lines of lymphocytic or monocytic origin was impaired after contact with UV-inactivated, measles virus (MV)-infected cells, UV-inactivated MV or with cells transfected with MV glycoproteins (gp) F and H. We now show that mitogen-stimulated PBLs and Jurkat cell clones either highly sensitive or resistant to CD95-induced apoptosis have a similar sensitivity to MV-induced inhibition and do not undergo apoptosis.