Incongruent virtual reality cycling exercise demonstrates a role of perceived effort in cardiovascular control.

In this study we have used a highly immersive virtual reality (VR) cycling environment where incongruence between virtual hill gradient (created by visual gradient and bike tilt angle) and actual workload (pedalling resistance) can experimentally manipulate perception of exercise effort. This therefore may provide a method to examine the role of effort perception in cardiorespiratory control during exercise. Twelve healthy untrained participants (7 men, age 26 ± 5 years) were studied during five visits.

Healthcare procurement in the race to net-zero: Practical steps for healthcare leadership.

Although it is challenging to assess the greenhouse gas emission footprint associated with individual products and services, health leaders can play a pivotal role in emissions reduction by understanding and utilizing available tools and certifications that measure suppliers' operational environmental performance. Integrating environmental standards into procurement and supplier selection has the potential to greatly impact emissions production across the healthcare landscape as it will pressure suppliers to improve their operations in order to be selected. The purpose of this article is to emphasize the importance of the supply chain in addressing healthcare-related greenhouse gas emissions.