Effect of two starting insulin regimens in patients with type II diabetes not controlled on a combination of oral antihyperglycemic medications.

In an open-label, 24-week, parallel-group study, 135 patients inadequately controlled with oral antihyperglycemic medications (OAMs) were treated with maximally tolerated doses of metformin and glibenclamide for at least 8 weeks and then randomized to bedtime neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin plus maximally tolerated dose of glibenclamide BID (glib/NPH group) or insulin lispro mix 50 (50% lispro, 50% insulin lispro protamine suspension [ILPS]) pre-breakfast and lispro mix 25 (25% lispro, 75% ILPS) pre-dinner (LM50/LM25 group) (both OAMs discontinued). The LM50/LM25 group had significantly lower 2-hour postprandial BG (both meals combined) compared with glib/NPH after 12 (11.70+/-3.

The impact of the timing of Humalog Mix25 injections on blood glucose fluctuations in the postprandial period in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Postprandial hyperglycemia contributes to glycation of hemoglobin A1c and has been associated with cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes. We investigated the impact of injection timing of Humalog Mix25 (Mix25, known as Humalog Mix75/25 in the U.S.

A comparison of insulin lispro Mix25 and human insulin 30/70 in the treatment of type 2 diabetes during Ramadan.

Objective: To compare insulin lispro Mix25 and human insulin 30/70 with regard to their effect on morning and evening postprandial glucose (PPG) control, and on average daily blood-glucose (BG), in patients with Type 2 diabetes who wish to fast during Ramadan.

Method: Insulin lispro Mix25 and human insulin 30/70 were compared in an open-label, multicenter, randomised, crossover study involving 151 patients. Each treatment period had a duration of 14 days during which the patients self-monitored their BG before and 2 h after the main meals on any 3 days within the last 5 days of each treatment period.

In vivo and in vitro permeability in coeliac disease.

Background: An increased permeability to sugars is found in the intestine of untreated patients with coeliac disease after oral ingestion.

Aim: To test whether in vitro permeability resembles in vivo permeability tests and whether an in vitro gliadin gluten challenge could be performed by an in vitro permeability test.

Methods: We measured in vivo (urinary excretion after sucrose-lactulose-mannitol ingestion) and in vitro permeability (by mini-Ussing chambers) in 25 healthy controls, 12 relatives of coeliac disease patients, 19 treated, eight partly treated and 16 untreated patients with coeliac disease.

In vitro model of the pathogenesis of celiac disease.

The in vitro challenge of duodenal mucosa with gliadin is a useful model to reproduce the immunological features of celiac disease (CD) and allows the study of early pathogenetic events in this disease. With this model it was shown that antigens such as ICAM-1 and HLA-DR are upregulated as early as 1-2 h after gliadin challenge in patients with CD. After 24 h the lamina propria contained CD4+ T cells expressing the IL-2 receptor alpha-chain, which is a sign of activation.