Chained Iron Microparticles for Directionally Controlled Actuation of Soft Robots.

Magnetic field-directed self-assembly of magnetic particles in chains is useful for developing directionally responsive materials for applications in soft robotics. Using materials with greater complexity allows advanced functions, while still using simple device architectures. Elastomer films containing chained magnetic microparticles were prepared through solvent casting and formed into magnetically actuated lifters, accordions, valves, and pumps.

Type III-B open tibial fractures in Mozambique. A prospective study of 50 cases.

We have studied prospectively 50 cases of open tibial fractures Type-III B. Treatment was based on the principles of debridement, wound irrigation, fracture stabilisation (generally by external fixation) and 'early bone coverage' without skin sutures. The cases were divided into two groups: Group 1: Eight fractures with segmental bone defects treated by bone transport using the Ilizarov technique or by intertibial-fibular bone grafting, and group 2: Forty-two fractures with defects of soft tissue coverage without segmental bone defects treated with simple closure or myoplasty.