Insights into the metabolism of CH-PIATA-A novel synthetic cannabinoid featuring an acetamide linker.

The recent change from the popular carboxamide to an acetamide (ATA) linker scaffold in synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) can be interpreted as an attempt to circumvent legal regulations, setting new analytical challenges. Metabolites of N-cyclohexyl-2-(1-pentyl-1 H-indol-3-yl)acetamide: CH-PIATA, the second ATA type SCRA detected in the EU, were investigated in urine and serum samples by LC-HRMS-MS and LC-MS-MS. Two different in vitro models, a pHLM assay and HepG2-cells, as well as an in silico prediction by GLORYx freeware assisted in metabolite formation/identification.

ADB-HEXINACA-a novel synthetic cannabinoid with a hexyl substituent: phase I metabolism in authentic urine samples, a case report and prevalence on the German market.

Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are one of the largest groups of new psychoactive substances (NPS). Yet, another novel analog started spreading on the NPS market around 2021. Soon after, the substance could be analytically characterized in herbal material as ADB-HEXINACA, an SCRA containing a hexyl-substituted tail on the indazole core.

Pharmacology, prevalence in Germany, and analytical data of cyclobutylmethyl- and norbornylmethyl-type synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists.

Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are distributed on the drug market to produce THC-like effects while evading routine drug testing and legislation. The cyclobutylmethyl (CBM) and norbornylmethyl (NBM) side chain specifically circumvented the German legislation and led to the emergence of exploratory SCRAs in 2019-2021. The NBM SCRAs were detected post-amendment of the new psychoactive substances act in 2020, which scheduled all CBM SCRAs.

A stalk fluid forming above the transition from the lamellar to the rhombohedral phase of lipid membranes.

In this work, we present evidence for the formation of transient stalks in aligned multilamellar stacks of lipid membranes. Just above the phase transition from the fluid ([Formula: see text]) lamellar phase to the rhombohedral phase (R), where lipid stalks crystallize on a super-lattice within the lipid bilayer stack, we observe a characteristic scattering pattern, which can be attributed to a correlated fluid of transient stalks. Excess (off-axis) diffuse scattering with a broad modulation around the position which later transforms to a sharp peak of the rhombohedral lattice, gives evidence for the stalk fluid forming as a pre-critical effect, reminiscent of critical phenomena in the vicinity of second-order phase transitions.

Varus mechanism is associated with high incidence of popliteal artery lesions in multiligament knee injuries.

Purpose: This study aims to identify multiple ligament knee injury patterns that possess a high-risk of vascular lesion.

Methods: We retrospectively compared torn ligament patterns and the presence of vascular lesions confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography from 122 consecutive patients with diagnoses of multiple ligament knee injury made at the emergency department between January 2012 and December 2017. Patients were not eligible if they had an ipsilateral lower extremity lesion (dislocations or fractures at another level), initial evaluation at another hospital, or follow-up for less than 12 months.