Frequent physical activity is associated with reduced risk of severe diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with the development of severe diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Prospective observational analysis as part of the Finnish diabetic nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study with a mean follow-up time of 10.7 years was performed.

Insulin exposure mitigates the increase of arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria: an exploratory analysis.

Aims: Insulin possesses both vasodilatory and sympathomimetic activities. The aim was to examine the relationship between changes in insulin exposure and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Patients with T2D with (n = 22) or without (n = 24) albuminuria, and non-diabetic controls (n = 25) were randomized to a crossover study having a breakfast with or without pre-meal rapid-acting insulin.

Associations of dietary macronutrient and fibre intake with glycaemia in individuals with Type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To study the association between dietary intake and glycaemia in Type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Data on energy and nutrient intakes, and the mean and coefficient of variation of self-monitored blood glucose measurements were obtained from records completed by 1000 adults with Type 1 diabetes. Associations between these measures of glycaemia and dietary intake were investigated using generalized linear regression, with and without macronutrient substitution.

Ambulatory blood pressure and arterial stiffness in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: This study aimed to assess the use of ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) to identify the presence of masked, nocturnal and white-coat hypertension in individuals with type 1 diabetes, patterns that could not be detected by regular office-based BP monitoring alone. We also analysed associations between BP patterns and arterial stiffness in order to identify individuals at cardiovascular risk.

Methods: This substudy included 140 individuals with type 1 diabetes from the Helsinki metropolitan area, who attended the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane) Centre in Helsinki between January 2013 and August 2017.

Regression of albuminuria and its association with incident cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in type 1 diabetes: the FinnDiane Study.

Aims/hypothesis: Our aim was to assess regression of albuminuria and its clinical consequences in type 1 diabetes.

Methods: The analysis included 3642 participants from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study with a 24 h urine sample and a history of albuminuria available at baseline. A total of 2729 individuals had normal AER, 438 a history of microalbuminuria and 475 a history of macroalbuminuria.