Skeletal and dental changes after maxillary expansion in the mixed dentition.

The purpose of this study was to compare skeletal and dental aspects of three different expansion methods in the mixed dentition period in sagittal, vertical, and transversal planes, treatment periods, complications, and relapse tendencies in early periods. Patients with unilateral or bilateral posterior crossbites in the mixed dentition were studied. They were divided into three groups of 10 patients in each group.

The prenatal development of the human nasal and vomeral bones.

The purpose of the present study was to establish normal prenatal development standards for the nasal and vomeral bones, both formed by intramembranous ossification in the membrane covering the cartilaginous nasal capsule. The study is based upon a combination of macroscopic (devisceration and radiography) and microscopic (histology) analyses on 62 normal human fetuses from spontaneous and induced abortions, ranging in gestational age from 9 to 24 weeks, representing crown-rump lengths (CRL) from 33 to 225 mm. Special attention was paid to the onset of bone formation in relation to other maturity aspects and to the growth of the bones.

Atlas morphology in relation to craniofacial morphology and head posture.

The associations between dimensions of the first cervical vertebra, atlas, and a representative set of craniofacial and postural variables were studied on cephalometric radiographs of a sample of 103 adult males aged 22-30 years, recorded in the natural head position (mirror position). Atlas morphology was expressed by nine variables, linear and angular craniofacial dimensions by 27 variables, and head and cervical posture by seven variables. A pattern of low but significant correlations was found.

Visual resolution in congenital pendular nystagmus.

For all cases of idiopathic congenital nystagmus visual acuity is reduced. This paper describes the analysis of such a system using some psychophysical methods of evaluation. Both the pattern and movement detecting responses are considered and discussed.