A Comparative Study of Nalbuphine, Clonidine, and Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvants to Ropivacaine in Epidural Anesthesia for Lower Limb Surgery.

Background: In epidural anaesthesia, the addition of an adjuvant to local anaesthetics enhances the efficacy, thereby providing increased duration and intensity of blockade in lower limb surgeries. The aim was to compare the efficacy, onset, and duration of sensory and motor blockade; haemodynamic changes; and sedative and analgesic effects of nalbuphine, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in epidural anaesthesia.

Methodology: A prospective, randomised, double-blind study among 90 patients after taking consent was divided into three groups (30 patients each; Group D received 15 ml of 0.

Characterizing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Lean Individuals at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Fat accumulation in the liver is affecting 38% of the global population. It can also occur in normal-weight individuals, termed lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study examines Asian and Western body mass index (BMI) criteria, as well as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) diagnostic guidelines, in lean fatty liver cases within a healthcare setting.

Prevalence of Osteosarcopenia and Frailty in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease.

Introduction: Chronic liver disease (CLD) can have a significant impact on the nutritional status of patients. Malnutrition is an under-recognized condition in patients with cirrhosis. Malnutrition increases the incidence and severity of decompensation, increases the risk of infections, and increases mortality.

Metastatic Neuroblastoma Masquerading as Ewing's Sarcoma on X-ray: An Imaging Puzzle in Pediatric Oncology.

Introduction: Neuroblastoma is an embryonic tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. It is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood and accounts for up to 15% of all pediatric cancer fatalities. The manifestation of neuroblastoma is variable depending on the location of the tumor and the presence or absence of paraneoplastic syndromes.

Pre-patellar Tumoral Calcinosis of Knee with Intra-articular Extension: An Index Case Study.

Introduction: Tumoral calcinosis is a rare hereditary condition characterized by the deposition of calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite in periarticular soft tissues. First described by Giard and Duret in 1898 and later detailed by Inclan in 1943, this condition has often been confused with other forms of periarticular calcification. Tumoral calcinosis predominantly affects young males and is typically found around major joints, such as the shoulder, elbow, hip, ankle, and wrist.