Neoadjuvant nivolumab and chemotherapy in early estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) primary breast cancer (BC) have low pathological complete response (pCR) rates with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A subset of ER+/HER2- BC contains dense lymphocytic infiltration. We hypothesized that addition of an anti-programmed death 1 agent may increase pCR rates in this BC subtype.

Clinical ischemia-reperfusion injury: Driven by reductive rather than oxidative stress? A narrative review.

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury remains a major contributor to organ dysfunction following transient ischemic insults. Although numerous interventions have been found effective to reduce IR injury in preclinical models, none of these therapies have been successfully translated to the clinical setting. In the context of the persistent translational gap, we systematically investigated the mechanisms implicated in IR injury using kidney donation and transplantation as a clinical model of IR.

Clinical outcome after bleeding events following coronary stenting in patients with and without comorbid peripheral arterial disease.

Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may experience bleeding events. Bleeding risk is increased in patients with comorbid peripheral arterial disease (PADs). To evaluate whether PCI patients with PADs have worse outcome after bleeding, we assessed pooled patient-level data of 5,989 randomized all-comer trial participants and identified those who had a bleeding (BIO-RESORT:NCT01674803, BIONYX:NCT02508714).

The availability of essential medicines in public health facilities in Afghanistan: navigating socio-political and geographical challenges.

During the past two decades, the Afghan government, along with international community, has developed a system aimed at improving access to essential health services under Afghanistan's challenging socio-political and geographical circumstances. In 31 provinces, non-state actors competed for fixed-term contracts to implement a predefined package of health services. In three provinces, the government organised the provision of health services.

How Do Bundled Payment Initiatives Account for Differences in Patient Risk Profile? A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Bundled payments (BPs) are increasingly being adopted to enable the delivery of high-value care. For BPs to reach their goals, accounting for differences in patient risk profile (PRP) predictive of spending is crucial. However, insight is lacking into how this is done in practice.