Past, present, and future geographic range of the relict Mediterranean and Macaronesian complex.

Aim: The aim of this study is to model the past, current, and future distribution of ., , and , based on bioclimatic variables using a maximum entropy model (Maxent) in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian regions.

Location: Mediterranean and Macaronesian.

Inexistence of permafrost at the top of the Veleta peak (Sierra Nevada, Spain).

A 114.5m deep drilling was carried out in August 2000 in the bedrock of the Veleta peak, at 3380m in the massif of Sierra Nevada, Southern Spain. The objective of this work is to analyse temperatures at the first 60m depth of this drilling from September 2002 to August 2013 based on 11 UTL-1 thermal loggers located at different depths, together with air temperatures at the summit of the Veleta peak.