[THE STRUCTURALLY AND FUNCTIONALLY DIFFERENT POOLS OF FAT TISSUE: INSULIN-INDEPENDENT VISCERAL CELLS, INSULIN-DEPENDENT SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOCYTES AND BROWN CELLS OF THERMOGENESIS].

Three phylogenetically, morphological and functionally different pools of fatty cells are function in vivo according phylogenetic theory of general pathology. The first one is a phylogenetically early and limited in number of cells pool of visceral fatty cells of omentum and retro-peritoneal cellular tissue. The late in phylogenesis insulin renders no regulatory effect on visceral fatty cells.

[BASIC PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF HUMAN ADAPTATION TO COLD].

The article provides an overview of the literature that focuses on the main types of human adaptation to cold and mechanisms for increasing heat production. It is shown that the studies in recent years, aimed at studying the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to cold, confirmed the results of previous physiological studies have demonstrated that the major contribution to adaptive thermogenesis during cooling made by oxidative fibers in skeletal muscle (birds, marsupials, large placental and people) and brown adipose tissue (small placenta, especially rodents). The main sources of thermoregulatory heat generation are the contractile activity (thermoregulatory shivering and muscle tone), the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and decrease in thermodynamic efficiency of the ATP-powered pumps (ATPase), which are induced by noradrenaline and thyroid hormones and accompanied by an increase in the consumption of oxygen and energy substrates.

[The physiological and biochemical methods of increasing of energy diffusion in vivo as a reaction of compensation under obesity.].

The article presents the analysis concerning main directions of physiological increasing of expenditure of energy in organism that probably can be used for prevention of obesity. First of all, it's increasing of physical load and activation of heat production at cold adaptation. In both cases the leading role belongs to skeletal muscles and consists in both implementation of biological function of locomotion and regulation of metabolism.

[The becoming of function and metabolism of subcutaneous insulin-dependent adipocytes on stages of phylogenesis. The etiologic factor and pathogenesis of obesity as a pandemic].

The visceral fatty cells of omentum and insulin-depended subcutaneous adipocytes implement simultaneously three reactions: a) biological reaction of exotrophy - absorption of fatty acids in the form of non-polar triglycerides; b) active depositing of fatty acids in non-polar triglycerides and c) releasing of fatty acids in blood plasma only in the form of unesterified fatty acids. The single pool of intercellular medium is a little bit of the third world ocean that: a) was privatized by every entity in the moment of going out to dry land and in which b) as millions years in ocean before, continue to live cells. At the level of paracrin cenosis of cells regulation is worked out related to: a) a single pool of intercellular medium; b) local pools of medium; c) size (number of cells) and organs.

PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION TO COLD.

The literary review is devoted to human adaptation to cold and rehabilitation and therapeutic uses of cryosauna. Main physiological mechanisms of adaptation to cold are analyzed. It is shown that adaptation to polar latitudes increases primarily the risks of cardiovascular diseases, as well as disorders in the respiratory and peripheral nervous systems.