Association Between Three Levels of Social Exclusion and Quality of Life in the Oldest Old Australians: An Analysis of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Data.

This study examined associations between three levels of social exclusion and quality of life in the Australian oldest old. We performed cross-sectional analyses of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia data using 203 participants aged ≥85. Principal component analysis was used to construct social exclusion variables at an individual level (lack of supportive relationships), neighborhood level (disadvantaged neighborhood social climates), and community level (community disengagement).

Unique advantages of dynamic l-[11C]methionine PET/CT for assessing the rate of skeletal muscle protein synthesis: A pilot trial in young men.

Although the standard method to evaluate skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is muscle biopsy, the method is invasive and problematic for multisite use. We conducted a small pilot study in volunteers to investigate changes in MPS according to skeletal muscle site using a noninvasive method in which 6 healthy young men were given yogurt (containing 20 g milk protein) or water, and 1 h later, l-[11C]methionine ([11C]Met) was administered intravenously. Dynamic PET/CT imaging of their thighs was performed for 60 min.

α-Hydroxyisocaproic Acid Decreases Protein Synthesis but Attenuates TNFα/IFNγ Co-Exposure-Induced Protein Degradation and Myotube Atrophy via Suppression of iNOS and IL-6 in Murine C2C12 Myotube.

There is ongoing debate as to whether or not α-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) positively regulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis resulting in the gain or maintenance of skeletal muscle. We investigated the effects of HICA on mouse C2C12 myotubes under normal conditions and during cachexia induced by co-exposure to TNFα and IFNγ. The phosphorylation of AMPK or ERK1/2 was significantly altered 30 min after HICA treatment under normal conditions.

Clarification of the internal structure and factors of poor dissolution of substandard roxithromycin tablets by near-infrared chemical imaging.

The spread of substandard and falsified medicines has become a global problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Previously, we found that some tablets containing the same active ingredient had large differences in their dissolution even though their contents were comparable. In this study, we investigated the poor dissolution of roxithromycin tablets using near-infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) to visualize the internal tablet structure.

Fermented milk retains beneficial effects on skeletal muscle protein anabolism after processing by centrifugation and supernatant removal.

Lactobacillus-fermented milk can stimulate anabolic effects in skeletal muscle. Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus produces aqueous molecules, such as free AA and lactate. This study aimed to investigate how processing fermented milk by centrifugation and removal of supernatant affects AA absorption and postprandial skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) when mice are fed fermented milk.