Intraoperative and Intraprocedural Use of 3-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography: An International European Association of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Intensive Care Survey of Cardiac Surgical Centers.

Objective: To assess the intraoperative use of 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) in cardiac surgical centers, the authors created a survey aimed at evaluating the availability of equipment and the use of 3D TEE for specific surgical and interventional procedures and single-image modalities. The respondents were asked to identify the perceived impact on patient management and current limitations to its routine use.

Design: A multiple choice 25-question online survey submitted to the members of the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Intensive Care (EACTAIC) on December 6, 2021, and closed on January 31, 2022.