Assessment of Analgesic Efficacy of Bilateral Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Pain following Lumbar Laminectomy: A Single-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The erector spinae plane (ESP) block is a novel approach to minimizing postoperative pain. We investigated the efficacy and side effects of the ultrasonography-guided bilateral ESP block in reducing pain in the first 24 hours after lumbar laminectomy.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a single-blind (statistical analyst and those responsible for recording patient information postoperation were unaware of the study groups) randomized clinical trial on 50 patients aged 18 to 65 with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class I or II physical status scheduled for lumbar laminectomy surgery at Shahid Chamran Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.

Frequency comb generation by CW laser injection into a quantum-dot mode-locked laser.

We report on frequency comb generation at 1.5 μm by injection of a CW laser in a hybridly mode-locked InAs/InP two-section quantum-dot laser (HMLQDL). The generated comb has > 60 modes spaced by ∼ 4.

Dual-wavelength passive and hybrid mode-locking of 3, 4.5 and 10 GHz InAs/InP(100) quantum dot lasers.

We present an investigation of passive and hybrid mode-locking in Fabry-Pérot type two-section InAs/InP(100) quantum dot lasers that show dual wavelength operation. Over the whole current and voltage range for mode-locking of these lasers, the optical output spectra show two distinct lobes. The two lobes provide a coherent bandwidth and are verified to lead to two synchronized optical pulses.

Directional control of optical power in integrated InP/InGaAsP extended cavity mode-locked ring lasers.

We report on a passively mode-locked InP/InGaAsP multiple quantum well semiconductor ring laser that operates at a 20 GHz repetition rate and around 1575 nm wavelength. The device has been realized using the active-passive integration technology in a standardized photonic integration platform. We demonstrate experimentally for the first time to our knowledge that the relative positioning of the amplifier and absorber in a monolithically integrated ring laser can be used to control the balance of power between counterpropagating fields in the mode-locked state.