Disentangling developmental effects of play aspects in rat rough-and-tumble play.

Animal play encompasses a variety of aspects, with kinematic and social aspects being particularly prevalent in mammalian play behaviour. While the developmental effects of play have been increasingly documented in recent decades, understanding the specific contributions of different play aspects remains crucial to understand the function and evolutionary benefit of animal play. In our study, developing male rats were exposed to rough-and-tumble play selectively reduced in either the kinematic or the social aspect.

Mechanisms of UV-induced human lymphocyte apoptosis.

The article reviews the results of the studies of marker parameters (indicators) of various pathways and mechanisms of apoptosis of lymphocytes in donor peripheral blood induced by UV light (240-390 nm) in doses of 151, 1510, and 3020 J/m. The article analyses the processes of DNA fragmentation, distortion of the structural asymmetry of the cell membranes, changes in the degree of DNA damage (single-strand breaks), transcriptional factor р53, cytochrome , Fas receptors (CD95), caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, reactive oxygen species, and calcium ions in UV modified cells. The study determined that programmed cell death of lymphocytes after UV irradiation with 1510 J/m involves the р53-dependent pathway of the nuclear mechanism, as well as receptor-mediated caspase mechanism, mitochondrial mechanism, and the mechanism associated with the defects in calcium homeostasis.

Effects of reduced kinematic and social play experience on affective appraisal of human-rat play in rats.

Background: Play is a common and developmentally important behaviour in young mammals. Specifically in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), reduced opportunity to engage in rough-and-tumble (RT) play has been associated with impaired development in social competence. However, RT play is a complex behaviour having both a kinematic aspect (i.

[; SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES AND AORTIC ARCH HYPOPLASIA].

Aortic arch hypoplasia is a congenital anomaly of the development of the aortic arch, characterized by hemodynamically significant narrowing of one or more segments of the aortic arch. The combination of simple transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and obstruction at the level of the aortic arch is not very common. However, when transposition is combined with the VSD, Taussig-Bing anomaly, this combination is more common.

Disulfide Cross-linking of a Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion Transporter Impacts Multidrug Efflux.

Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters contribute to multidrug resistance by extruding different drugs across cell membranes. The MATE transporters alternate between their extracellular and intracellular facing conformations to propel drug export, but how these structural changes occur is unclear. Here we combine site-specific cross-linking and functional studies to probe the movement of transmembrane helices in NorM from Neiserria gonorrheae (NorM-NG), a MATE transporter with known extracellular facing structure.