Measuring weather data in an urban environment is an important task on the journey towards smart cities. Heavy rain can cause flooding in cities and prevent emergency services from reaching their destination because roads or underpasses are blocked. In order to provide a high-resolution site-specific overview in urban areas during heavy rainfall, a dense measurement network is necessary.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClimate change is present in climatological models - but did we already observe changes in the past measurement data? For the state of North Rhine Westphalia, the rainfall measurements since 1950 have been systematically analysed in order to find out whether there have already been trends and whether the behaviour of rainfall has changed in time. More than 600 station series have been screened for use in the project and quality controlled. Implausible data were discarded.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Sci Technol
September 2002
This paper presents an application of radar data (DX-product of the German Weather Service) with a high resolution in space (1 degree x 1 km) and time (delta t = 5 minutes) in urban hydrology. The radar data and data of rain gauges with different locations in the test catchment were compared concerning their suitability as input into an urban rainfall-runoff model. In order to evaluate the accuracy of model simulation results, five evaluation criteria have been specified which are relevant for an efficient management of sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[reaction: see text] An annulative approach toward the total synthesis of the sesterterpenoid variecolin (1) is presented. Synthesis of the key hemiketal, containing the core ABC ring skeleton, has been achieved on a model system by an expeditious route utilizing samarium(II) iodide. Furthermore, enantioselective syntheses of component fragments for the total synthesis have been developed.
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