Relationships between serotonin 1A receptor DNA methylation, self-reported history of childhood abuse and gray matter volume in major depression.

Background: Early life adversity is a risk factor for psychopathology and is associated with epigenetic alterations in the 5-HT receptor gene promoter. The 5-HT receptor mediates neurotrophic effects, which could affect brain structure and function. We examined relationships between self-reported early childhood abuse, 5-HT receptor promoter DNA methylation, and gray matter volume (GMV) in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

serotonin 1A receptor hippocampal binding potential in depression and reported childhood adversity.

Background: Reported childhood adversity (CA) is associated with development of depression in adulthood and predicts a more severe course of illness. Although elevated serotonin 1A receptor (5-HTR) binding potential, especially in the raphe nuclei, has been shown to be a trait associated with major depression, we did not replicate this finding in an independent sample using the partial agonist positron emission tomography tracer [C]CUMI-101. Evidence suggests that CA can induce long-lasting changes in expression of 5-HTR, and thus, a history of CA may explain the disparate findings.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy thermometry: Impact of separately acquired full water or partially suppressed water data on quantification and measurement error.

In proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( H MRS) thermometry, separately acquired full water and partially suppressed water are commonly used for measuring temperature. This paper compares these two approaches. Single-voxel H MRS data were collected on a 3-T GE scanner from 26 human subjects.

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex Glx, glutamate, and GABA levels in medication-free major depressive disorder.

Glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). GABA levels or GABAergic interneuron numbers are generally low in MDD, potentially disinhibiting Glu release. It is unclear whether Glu release or turnover is increased in depression.

Relationship of Brain Glutamate Response to D-Cycloserine and Lurasidone to Antidepressant Response in Bipolar Depression: A Pilot Study.

N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate-receptor (NMDAR) antagonists such as ketamine have demonstrated efficacy in both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder depression (BP-D). We have previously reported that reduction in Glx (glutamate + glutamine) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex (vmPFC/ACC), measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) at 3T during a ketamine infusion, mediates the relationship of ketamine dose and blood level to improvement in depression. In the present study, we assessed the impact of D-cycloserine (DCS), an oral NMDAR antagonist combined with lurasidone in BP-D on both glutamate and Glx.