KRAS mutation as a prognostic factor and predictive factor in advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

KRAS (Kirsten Rat Sarcoma) is the most common oncogenic mutation detected in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role of KRAS as either a prognostic factor or predictive factor (modifier of treatment effects) in NSCLC is not well established at this time. This systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis synthesized the available evidence regarding the role of KRAS mutation as a predictive factor and/or prognostic factor of survival and response outcomes in patients with advanced/metastatic (stage IIIB-IV) NSCLC.

[Short-Term Cryotherapy--Putting Dynamic Foot and Ankle Stability at Risk?].

Background: The application of ice or other forms of cooling represent a common method to treat acute musculoskeletal injuries during sporting events in order to reduce pain. Often athletes return to competition immediately after cooling. It is not known if short-term cryotherapy in the form of ice spray has an influence on the joint's dynamic stability.

In situ evaluation of sodium hexametaphosphate-containing dentifrices.

The purpose of this investigator-blinded, five-treatment, crossover human intraoral study was to evaluate the effects of two experimental dentifrice formulations containing either stannous fluoride (SnF(2)) or sodium fluoride (NaF) packaged with sodium hexametaphosphate in a dual-phase delivery system on demineralization-remineralization using an in situ model system. The experimental dentifrice formulations' ability to alter demineralization-remineralization was compared to a series of three controls: SnF(2)-positive control, NaF-positive control and no-fluoride placebo-negative control. The single-section crown model, developed at the University of Iowa, was used to assess the fluoride efficacy of two experimental products versus the placebo containing no fluoride and positive controls.