Smart Imitator: Learning from Imperfect Clinical Decisions.

Objectives: This study introduces Smart Imitator (SI), a 2-phase reinforcement learning (RL) solution enhancing personalized treatment policies in healthcare, addressing challenges from imperfect clinician data and complex environments.

Materials And Methods: Smart Imitator's first phase uses adversarial cooperative imitation learning with a novel sample selection schema to categorize clinician policies from optimal to nonoptimal. The second phase creates a parameterized reward function to guide the learning of superior treatment policies through RL.

Brain iron deposition and cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease : a quantitative susceptibility mapping study.

Background: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can study the susceptibility values of brain tissue which allows for noninvasive examination of local brain iron levels in both normal and pathological conditions.

Purpose: Our study compares brain iron deposition in gray matter (GM) nuclei between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients and healthy controls (HCs), exploring factors that affect iron deposition and cognitive function.

Materials And Methods: A total of 321 subjects were enrolled in this study.

Temozolomide treatment in refractory pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas.

Background: Temozolomide (TMZ), a non-classical alkylating agent, possesses lipophilic properties that allow it to cross the blood-brain barrier, making it active within the central nervous system. Furthermore, the adverse reactions of the TMZ are relatively mild, which is why it is currently recommended as a first-line chemotherapy drug for refractory pituitary adenomas (RPAs) and pituitary carcinomas (PCs).

Summary: Systematic evaluations indicate a radiological response rate of 41% and a hormonal response rate of 53%, underscoring TMZ clinical efficacy, particularly when combined with radiotherapy.

NLR-mediated antiviral immunity in plants.

Plant viruses cause substantial agricultural devastation and economic losses worldwide. Plant nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) play a pivotal role in detecting viral infection and activating robust immune responses. Recent advances, including the elucidation of the interaction mechanisms between NLRs and pathogen effectors, the discovery of helper NLRs, and the resolution of the ZAR1 resistosome structure, have significantly deepened our understanding of NLR-mediated immune responses, marking a new era in NLR research.

Metal-organic Framework with Polar Pore Surface Designed for Purification of Both Natural Gas and Ethylene.

The advancement of high-value CH4 purification technology within the natural gas industry is paramount for industrial processes. Herein, we constructed ZJNU-402, a new porous material characterized by permanent porosity, as an effective adsorbent for separating C3H8/CH4 and C2H6/CH4 mixtures. The findings reveal an outstanding C3H8 adsorption capacity of 68 cm3 g-1 and a moderate C2H6 adsorption rate of 42 cm3 g-1, with a notably lower CH4 adsorption rate of 11 cm3 g-1.