Conformational plasticity across phylogenetic clusters of RND multidrug efflux pumps and its impact on substrate specificity.

Antibiotic efflux plays a key role for the multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Multidrug efflux pumps of the resistance nodulation and cell division (RND) superfamily function as part of cell envelope spanning systems and provide resistance to diverse antibiotics. Here, we identify two phylogenetic clusters of RND proteins with conserved binding pocket residues.

CD2 expressing innate lymphoid and T cells are critical effectors of immunopathogenesis in hidradenitis suppurativa.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating inflammatory skin disease with a poorly understood immunopathogenesis. Here, we report that HS lesional skin is characterized by the expansion of innate lymphocytes and T cells expressing CD2, an essential activation receptor and adhesion molecule. Lymphocytes expressing elevated CD2 predominated with unique spatial distribution throughout the epidermis and hypodermis in the HS lesion.

Neurocritical Complications of Basal Cell Carcinoma With Intracranial Invasion.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for the majority of non-melanoma-type skin cancers. BCC is slow-growing and locally aggressive but rarely metastasizes.Although scarce, important consequences of untreated or recurrent BCC of the scalp are direct invasion into the skull, meninges, and/or brain.

Chronic kidney disease amplifies severe kidney injury and mortality in a mouse model of skin arsenical exposure.

In previously published work, we elucidated the role of cutaneous arsenical exposure in promoting acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult healthy mice. Here, we determine whether pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the severity of AKI. Following exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) (a nephrotoxic phytochemical in humans), mice manifested classical markers of CKD, including robust interstitial fibrosis and loss in kidney function.