Gynaecological follow-up for women of reproductive age with multiple sclerosis: The GYNESEP study.

Background: The gynaecological care of women with Multiple Sclerosis has received little attention; most reports focussed on pregnancy or sexuality. The objective of the present study was to evaluate if gynaecological follow-up for women of reproductive age with Multiple Sclerosis was adequate.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on a large cohort of women with Multiple Sclerosis aged 18-40 years.

Natalizumab Treatment Induces Proinflammatory CD4 T Cells Preferentially in the Integrin β7+ Compartment.

Background And Objectives: Natalizumab, a monoclonal humanized antibody targeting integrin α4, inhibits the transmigration of lymphocytes into the CNS by preventing the interaction of integrin α4β1 with V-CAM expressed on brain vascular endothelial cells. Although natalizumab treatment reduces the clinical relapse rate in patients with relapsing-remitting MS, its discontinuation after reactivation of the JC virus is associated with a rebound of the disease in 20% of patients. The mechanisms of this rebound are not elucidated, but natalizumab increases the frequencies of circulating CD4 T cells expressing proinflammatory cytokines as well as the proportion of circulating Th17/Th1 cells (Th1-like Th17 cells).

Differential vulnerability of thalamic nuclei in multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: Investigating differential vulnerability of thalamic nuclei in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: In a secondary analysis of prospectively collected datasets, we pooled 136 patients with MS or clinically isolated syndrome and 71 healthy controls all scanned with conventional 3D-T1 and white-matter-nulled magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (WMn-MPRAGE) and tested for cognitive performance. T1-based thalamic segmentation was compared with the reference WMn-MPRAGE method.

Altered functional brain states predict cognitive decline 5 years after a clinically isolated syndrome.

Background: Cognitive impairment occurs in the earliest stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) together with altered functional connectivity (FC).

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of dynamic FC states in early MS and their role in shaping cognitive decline.

Methods: Overall, 32 patients were enrolled after their first neurological episode suggestive of MS and underwent cognitive evaluation and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) over 5 years.

Amygdala network reorganization mediates the theory of mind performances in multiple sclerosis.

Theory of mind (ToM) seems to be affected in multiple sclerosis (MS). MRI studies suggested a role of the amygdala in social cognitive performances. Therefore, we explored the role of the amygdala network in ToM using a multimodal MRI approach.